| 1- The manifestations of mental disorders vary with age, gender, race, and culture. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 2- Anxiety is one of the most readily accessible and easily understood of the major symptoms of mental disorders. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 3- Anxiety has evolved as a vitally important physiological response to dangerous situations that prepares one to evade or confront a threat in the environment. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 4- Disturbances of perception and thought process fall into a broad category of symptoms referred to as psychosis. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 5- Hallucinations are said to occur when an individual experiences a sensory impression that has no basis in reality. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 6- Hallucinations may be auditory, olfactory, gustatory, kinesthetic, tactile, or visual. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 7- Auditory hallucinations frequently involve the impression that one is hearing a voice. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 8- A delusion is a false belief that an individual holds despite evidence to the contrary. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 9- Hallucinations and delusions are among the least commonly observed psychotic symptoms. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 10- Blunting of affect refers to a general reduction in the ability to express emotion. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 11- Anhedonia reflects a deficit in the ability to experience pleasure and to react appropriately to pleasurable situations. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 12- Disturbances of mood characteristically manifest themselves as a sustained feeling of sadness or sustained elevation of mood. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 13- Cognitive function refers to the general ability to organize, process, and recall information. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 14- Progressive deterioration of cognitive function is referred to as dementia. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 15- The precise causes of most mental disorders is known. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 16- According to Engel’s model, biopsychosocial factors are involved in the causes, manifestation, course, and outcome of health and disease, including mental disorders. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 17- Twin studies often compare the frequency with which identical versus fraternal twins display a disorder. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 18- Freud’s structural model of personality divides the personality into three parts, the id, the ego, and the superego. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 19- Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or attenuated, depending on its association with positive or negative consequences. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 20- John Bowlby’s reinterpretation of Freudian development is grounded in both Darwinian evolutionary theory and animal ethology. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 21- Mental disorders are not treatable. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 22- The placebo effect refers to the powerful role of patients’ attitudes and perceptions that help them improve and recover from health problems. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 23- It is not unusual for a placebo effect to be found in up to 50 percent of patients in any study of a medical treatment. |
| True |
| False |
|
| 24- Most people with mental disorders seek treatment. |
| True |
| False |
|
|
